2009-01-07T08:54:38Z No Author Copyright 2009, No Author SPHPBLOG
Dell Computer Corporation and Hewlett-Packard are the 2 largest US computer stores. They both started with small capital investments and limited infrastructure. Through innovations and hard work, these companies earned millions of dollars, and continue to thrive in today's modern world.

Michael Dell, the founder of Dell Computer Corporation, is the longest-serving chief executive officer of Dell today. Dell started selling personal computers when he was a freshman at the University of Texas in Austin in the early 1980s. He bought wholesale parts and put them together as IBM computer clones. He also used the mail order market to reach his customers. Due to his success, he left school that same year and incorporated his business. This was how DELL Computer Corporation began.

Michael Dell believed in the direct selling strategy. He eliminated middle men who added to the cost of the machines. This direct selling model of Dell allows them to build their system, which includes selling via ordering privileges and giving customers powerful computer systems at competitive prices. In addition the company introduced the latest technology faster than other companies.

Through this strategy, Dell achieved millions of dollars from its sales margins after only 2 years. In 1987, Dell dominated the mail order market. Yet, it was clear to Dell that in order to continue growing, he had to expand beyond mail order. He knew that he needed a larger professional management staff in order to reach his goal. As early as 1986, the company engaged E. Lee Walker, a former investment banker, as its President.

Dell Computer Corporation continued to grow rapidly. It opened a London office that sold $4 million worth of computers in 1988 alone. The company also formed a subsidiary in Canada computer. In early 1988, it organized various divisions to raise the company's profile. In 1987, it reported a $159 million sale. It went public in June 1988 with 3.5 million shares.

In 2001, Dell Computer Corporation gained the leading share of the global PC market. In 2003, the company changed its name to Dell Inc. Thus, in 2004, Michael Dell announced that he will step down as CEO but will remain as Chairman. The corporation has continued to grow since then.

Hewlett-Packard

Hewlett-Packard, just like Dell Computer Corporation, has its rags to riches story. In 1934, Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett both graduated from Stanford University. It was during their post graduate stint at Stanford when they started HP in a small garage along Palo Alto.

Packard and Hewlett formally introduced their partnership in 1939. They started with an investment of US$538. Via toss coin, Dave won to use his name for the business, but he chose to name their electronics manufacturing enterprise as Hewlett-Packard (HP).

Their first successful product was a precision oscillator: the model 200A. Walt Disney was HP's earliest customers for oscillators, which it used it to improve surround sound systems for theaters in the movie Fantasia. The oscillators sold well for 33 years, and became the longest selling basic electronic design of all time.

HP lacked focus when it was beginning. It tried to create a wide range of electronic products for industry and agriculture. Later on, the company concentrated on production of high quality electronic test and measurement equipment.

HP is recognized as the symbolic founder of Silicon Valley. Hewlett-Packard's HP Associates division developed semi conductor devices which were used in calculators and other electronic instruments.

HP used Digital Equipment Corporation minicomputers along with its instruments. In 1966, HP entered the computer market with its HP2100/HP1000 series of minicomputers. These powerful models that lasted for a good twenty years were similar to the INTEL X86 architecture.

HP also introduced the HP2640 series of smart and intelligent terminals. These terminals form-based interfaces to ASCII terminals and screen labeled function keys. They are now commonly used on gas pumps and bank ATMs.
In 1968, HP created their 9100A and called it a desktop calculator. Bill Hewlett called it a calculator because it does not look like an IBM computer. It was a breakthrough in engineering at the time because the logic circuit was produced without any integrated circuits. CPUs were entirely executed in discrete components.

Wired Magazine acknowledged and publicized HP as the producer of the world's first personal computer. The company earned global respect because of the variety of its innovative products. These include:

• HP-35, the world's first handheld scientific calculator, introduced in 1972;
• HP-65, the first handheld programmable calculator was made in 1974;
• HP 41C the first programmable and expandable alphanumeric calculator, in 1979;
• HP 28C the first graphical symbolic calculator, was released the same year;
• In 1984, HP introduced both inkjet and laser printers for desktop PCs. HP also produced successful multi-function products, among which the most significant is the printer/scanner/copier/fax machine-in-one device.

In the 1990's, HP expanded their canada computer parts product line. They started to closely observe universities, research facilities, and enterprises for their computing needs.

The company changed its name to HP Home & Home Office Store in 2005. HP became one of the leading manufacturers of desktop and laptop computers as well as database servers for many different markets. The Palo Alto garage where the 2 young men started their business is now a historical California landmark.
]]> http://mcp-microsoft.com/index.php?entry=entry081223-161302 2008-12-23T00:00:00Z 2008-12-23T00:00:00Z
INTRODUCTION
the Visual display Unit (VDU) according to International Labour Office (1989) defined VDU as an electrical instrument that is use to display the information recieved from the computer system,in a very short period of time emerged from comparative obscruity in scientific laboratory(s) to become an integral and indespensable part of normal working life for millions of people both in home and in workplaces. As the technological revolutioncontinues, the use of computer with screen-base output unit or VDU grows at an incresing rate. worlwide, millions of VDUs are now in use,canada computer recieving and processing information on television-like screen or monitors. Also, it is a television type monitor that display information recieved from computer system wordprocessor rather than from a signal broad cast for televisio. The VDU contributes the interactive element between the operator and the computer system. The VDU could be limited to a main computer, as with a terminal or the physical entity comporising the VDU could also include the computer system, as with a personal computer (PC). the basic principle of operation of most VDUs in use is simikar to that of television sets.They contain a large evacuated glass tube, called Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), which include a source of electrons (The Cathode) and a phospor coating on thte inside of the vewing face of the screen. A high voltage (typically) in the range of 10-25kv accelerated electrons, releasing from the cathod towards a second electrode called The Cathode. They pass the through a hole in the anode on to the phosphor materials. However, computers are very important and for all the apparent complexity, they seems to hve a wide range of uses and play an ever-increasing role within our society likeoffice, commerce and industries, public services and of course schools and home, with this we can see that the importance of computer monitor can not be over emphasis.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The study is to determine the influence of computer monitor (VDU) a computer system of an organisation and it is stated below:
1. what are the effect of VDU to human and health?
2. what are the control measure and prevention of VDU effect?
3. what are the measuement and level of control of radiation emmision of VDU?

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this seminar is to provide information on the computer monitor which base on the influence, importance and the uses of computer monitor in a computer system of an organisation.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This project work will be based mainly on the use, importance and the configuration of a computer monitor

METHODOLOGY
During the course of this project work, data were obtained from second sorce, this cisist of information from the periodicals, texetrbooks, encarta software and research findings. Aslo, search engines like www.google.com, www.devilfinder.com, www.mamma.com, and son on will also contacted during the project work.

LIMIITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work suppose to go in-depth but due to the power fai.lure, there is no money to move from one place another, insufficient time allocation and the resarch is also expensive to carry out.

ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY
In the first generation of computerwhich was between the year 1945-1958 one of the first digital computer in this generation was a machine called ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was design band built at the Moore school of Electrical Engineering at the univesity of Pennsylvanian in 1956. This ENIAC contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes wieghed more than 30 tons and required 1500 square fact of floor space. It was programmed by setting up to 6,000 switch and connecting cables between the various units of the computer.
The second generation introduced the designing computer which was between (1958-1964) machine based on the store concet using discrete semiconductor element diodes, translator and so on. The vacuum tube was reduce to weighed about 25 tons and required 1000 sqaure of the floor space and again reduction in heat generation. The size-reduction brought by the utilization of semiconductor elements.
Between 1964-1971 which was the third generation f computer which was the third generation of computer which was characterized by further reduction in sixe of the VDu low cast, low in heat generatiion. Introduction of im[proved method of storing datas and applicaron of Integrated Circuits (I.C.), they accepted their input data through magnetic tape and magnetic disk, which they also accepted for secondary storage.
During 1971-1975, Here computer were first designed on the basis of large-scale integrated circuit along with vacuum 3tube and transistror. Each electronic along has its own set of characteristics including reliability, packing density, heated dissipation, speed and cost of all which designer must balance then the VDU size was drastically reduced compare to the first generation and the cost which is very cheap. This fourth of computer are otherwise known as microprocessor on a chip and is characterized by the energence of personal computer (PCs) so called foruth generation programming language such as spread sheet, Dbase III, windowing menu dialoging and other paraphernalia.
The fifth generation of computer (1975-1995) is the mother language or lingual franca of each user. Hence the following thechonolgies were involved in the fifth generation; (1) Micro electronics (2) computer architecture (3) Artificial intelligence (4) Language processing (5) database management. A logical influence is an elementary inductive method of reasoning and each lips is equivalent to some 300 instruction on a conventional computer.
The sixth generation of computer monitor was the geneation which innovation called Optic Computer, the computer of this generation is from year 1995 till date and the computer of this generation are laptop computer, palmtop computer, plasma computer all which are usin a flat screen are been constructed. Here are the computer monitor that came into being in this generation MDA (Monocrono Display Adapter), HA (Hercules Adapter). CGA (Color Graphic Adapter), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Palmtop Plasma Television and so on.

THE DESIGN OF A MONITOR
The Monitor could be linke to a main computer, as with a terminal, or the physical entity comprising the VDU could also include the computer system, as with a personal computer (PC). The basic principle of operation of most VDUs in use is similar to that of television sets. They contain a large evacuated glass tube called Cathod Ray Tube (CRT), which include a source of electrons (the cathode) and a phosphor coating on the inside of the viewing face of the screen. A high voltage (typically in the range of 10-25kv) accelerates electrons release trom the cathod towards a second elctrode on to the direction and thus the impact of the points of the electrons on the phosphor are controlledby magnetic field produced by deflecting the coils mounted near the back of the tube. In this manner, the electron beam is swept horizontally and vertically across the viewing face-the whole face normally being-covered in about 1/70th of a second. By modulating the intensity of the electron beam in each position, the resulting pattern of light and dark points can be generated into pictrue. The electronic circuit used to control these processess gives rise to both radio frequency (RF) field and to electric and magnetic fields of lower frequencies. Recently, solid state circuitry in conjuction with liquid crystal, gas plasma or similar display technology(s) has been used to replace cathode ray tube. However, to a rather limited extent.

DEFINITION OF TERMS
Canada Computer Parts:- an electronic device capable of storing and processing information in accordance with a set of instruction.
Cathode Ray Tube:- a vacuum tube in which beam of electrones produce a luminous image on a fluorescence screen, used in television and display unit (VDU).
Monitor:- a television used to view a pictrue from a particular camera o a display from a computer.
Monochrome:- consisting of or display image in black and white or in varying tones of one color.
Hercules:- requiring or having greate strnght or effects.
Flash:- shine with a bright but brief or irregular light.
Pixel (Pictrue Element):- any of the tiny ray of light on a display screen which are made up of an image.
Pallete:- a thin board on which an artist lay anf mixes pints abd the range of color used by an artists.

CONCLUSION
In conclusion, there are no health hazards associated wityh radiation, graphic adapter and field from VDUs. However, since a large number of people are involved in VDU work measure sohould be taken to ensure that VDU workplace are economically well designed. This include aspect of the VDU, the workstation and the work environment as well as work organiszation.

REFERENCES
Bergqiust, U. (1984), "Video Display Terminals and Health", in scandinavia via journal of work environment and
health (helsinkin), vol.10.
Health and Welfare (Canada).1993), Investigations of Radiation Emission from Vidoe Display Terminals, Reporter 83-
-91 (Ottawa, Environment Health Directorate).
Intenational Labour Office (ILO), 1989. Working With Visual Display Unit, Occupational safety and Health Series
No. 61.
Locksley E.A. et al (2006). Introduction to Computer Studies 1, Immacuilate Concept, Ogbomosho, Oyo state
Pg. 3-7.
Micheal Tooley (1997), PC Troubleshooting Pocket Book, the bath press Pg. 150]]> http://mcp-microsoft.com/index.php?entry=entry081223-160436 2008-12-23T00:00:00Z 2008-12-23T00:00:00Z http://mcp-microsoft.com/index.php?entry=entry081014-175221 2008-10-14T00:00:00Z 2008-10-14T00:00:00Z